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Lessons In Curtailing Media Freedom
There are a number of ways to curtail press freedom. You can charge a journalist with murder and put him on death row-Mumia Abu-Jamal, for instance. You can grant special favors, privileges, and access to corporate media giants while raiding and shutting down low-power, independent radio stations, which the FCC does with some regularity. You could arrest independent journalists at anti-war demonstrations-again, a regular occurrence. For instance, I recall my friend and Indy journalist, Jeff Imig, who has been repeatedly threatened with arrest, while recording anti-war demonstrations in Tucson, Arizona, for violating the statute against filming federal buildings. Jeff finally got arrested-for jaywalking! Corporate press, on the other hand, seems to have free reign to jaywalk and film federal buildings at these same events-behavior I and countless others have witnessed!
And then there is the Mother of All Media Manipulations: the blackout engineered by the Bush administration which blocks media from showing the arrival of body bags and coffins of newly dead soldiers “coming home” from Iraq.
Those are some pretty good ways of curtailing freedom of speech. And they’re each and everyone home grown right here in the good ol’ United States of America.
So what’s the deal with Venezuela, anyway?
So, pardon me if I’m just a little astounded by all this noise in the media, the Bush administration, the Senate and the House, about how Venezuela is “attacking” free speech and independent media by not renewing the broadcasting license of RCTV. Perhaps even more disturbing is that this ridiculous assertion is being repeated even among some persons on the Left.
Just last week the Senate passed a condemnation of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez’ refusal to renew the license. Senate Resolution 211 was sponsored by Richard Lugar, (R-IN) and Christopher Dodd (D-CT), with vocal, and disappointing, support from presidential contenders Hillary Clinton (D-NY) and Barak Obama (D-IL). Rep. Jerry Weller (R-IL) has introduced similar legislation into the House. Puerto Rico’s delegate to the House, Republican Luis Fortuno has outspokenly supported this legislation, which is surprising, considering his complete lack of action or outcry when the FBI was harassing Puerto Rican journalists in 2006.
Anyway, who says bipartisanship is dead?
Joining in these condemnations are a whole host of so-called “press freedom” advocates, lead by the National Endowment for Democracy funded Reporters Without Borders. One would think that the iron hand has fallen and the crackdown has begun in Venezuela.
The facts, please?
Corporate media seems to regularly forget that along with freedom of press is the responsibility of presenting facts to back up their news reporting. Well, dear reader, you are in for a rare treat-a discussion of some actual facts.
The general situation is this: In April of 2002, there was a two-day, illegal coup carried out against Venezuela’s electoral government, which involved the kidnapping and jailing of President Hugo Chavez. There were four major media outlets, along with others, who actively aided and abetted this coup (more later). In the intervening five years, none of them were closed, nor were any of their journalists incarcerated. Rather, the Chavez administration met with them, not to change their editorial slant, but to reach agreements preventing a repeat of such anti-democratic measure and the hyperbolic misrepresentation of facts, and also to discourage such continued infractions as the airing of pornography and cigarette commercials.
Another important fact is that the heads of the media-monopoly in Venezuela, including Marcel Granier -owner of RCTV, also participated in the economic sabotage that occurred between 2002-2003. Yet, no one went to prison for endangering the country’s social and economic stability.
What is truly amazing is that it has taken five years for the Chavez administration to take action in any way against media that helped carry out this coup. Certainly, if the same thing happened in the United States, it wouldn’t be tolerated. Just ask Aaron Burr or Timothy McVeigh what happens when folks plot against the existing, elected government. The fact is.you don’t get away with it, you get punished, and pretty severely. Getting their broadcasting licenses renewed would be the least of their problems.
When RCTV’s broadcasting license came up for review, Pres. Chavez decided, after exhaustive research and study, not to renew the license. Chavez is legally responsible for renewing such licenses under laws which were enacted before he became president. The reasons given for not renewing the license cite RCTV’s participation in the coup, plus the fact that RCTV leads Venezuelan media in infractions of communications laws. RCTV’s problems pre-date the Chavez administration, having been censured and closed repeatedly in previous presidential administrations. RCTV leads Venezuela in its violation of communications codes, with 652 infractions.
Another interesting fact is that our corporate media and distinguished Members of Congress have neglected to mention that on April of 2007 the government of Peru did not renew the broadcasting licenses of two TV stations and three radio stations for breaking their Radio and Television laws. It is obvious that Venezuela continues to be a target.
What, then, are the facts behind the charges made by the Chavez administration?
On the morning of April 11th, 2002, the first day of the coup, the anti-Bolivarian opposition had started a march from the headquarters of the state owned oil company. Across town, supporters of the Bolivarian Revolution were gathered outside the presidential palace. Breaking with its previously announced plan, the opposition changed directions and headed to the presidential palace, greatly increasing the chances of a violent confrontation between the two opposing sides.
During the midst of this confusion, shots rang out from the rooftops, where snipers were firing on both crowds, resulting in the deaths of 18 persons, with 150 wounded. Reports on the opposition’s four largest TV stations indicated the violence was the result of pro-Bolivarian gunmen, and this became the immediate catalyst “justifying” the coup.
However, the testimony of eyewitnesses and videos taken from other angles show that a much different scenario was actually taking place. The following transcript is excerpted from the video documentary, The Revolution Will Not Be Televised, which was produced for television in Ireland. It sheds important light on the sequence of events. Note particularly the quotation included from RCTV News Correspondent, Andre Cesara.
NARRATOR: The opposition march was fast approaching and some in the vanguard seemed ready for a fight. With thousands of Chavez supporters still surrounding the palace a confrontation seemed imminent. Then at about 2:00 p.m., we saw the opposition march arrive. The army tried to act as a buffer between the two groups. [shouting]
NARRATOR: We moved back into the heart of the Chavez crowds when all of a sudden the firing started. [sirens]
NARRATOR: We couldn’t tell where the shots were coming from, but people were being hit in the head. [gunshots]
NARRATOR: Soon it became clear that we were being shot at by snipers. One in four Venezuelans carry hand guns and soon some of the Chavez supporters began to shoot back in the direction the sniper fire seemed to be coming from.
WITNESS (in Spanish): One of the channels had a camera opposite the palace that captured images of people shooting from the bridge. It looks like they are shooting at the opposition march below, but you can see them, they themselves are ducking. They are clearly being shot at, but the shots of them ducking were never shown. The Chavez supporters were blamed. The images were manipulated and shown over and over again to say that Chavez supporters had assassinated innocent marchers.
ANDRE CESARA, RCTV journalist (in Spanish): Look at that Chavez supporter. Look at him empty his gun. That Chavez supporter has just fired on the unarmed peaceful protesters below.
NARRATOR: What the TV stations didn’t broadcast was this camera angle which clearly shows the streets below were empty. The opposition march had never taken that route. With this manipulation, the deaths could now be blamed on Chavez.
There is no doubt, and no dispute, that RCTV and the three other largest corporate television stations (Globovision, Venevision, and Televen) aided and abetted the ensuing coup throughout the three day period it was being carried out. They knowingly broadcast false and manipulated information, including the lies that Bolivarian supporters instigated violence against demonstrators, and that Pres. Chavez, as a result, had willingly resigned and left the country. Pres. Chavez had not resigned. He had been kidnapped and was being held prisoner by traitors within the Venezuelan military.
During all this, RCTV hosted coup plotters, including co-leader Carlos Ortega of the corrupt and US government supported labor union, the CTV, and had broadcast Ortega’s appeal rallying demonstrators to march on the presidential palace.
RCTV and its partners undertook a complete blackout on reporting any news relating to the more than a million citizens who had taken to the street and surrounded the presidential palace in defense of the democratically elected government of Venezuela. Rather than broadcasting this news, RCTV treated its viewers to reruns of Tom and Jerry cartoons and the movie Pretty Woman. Vice-Admiral Ramirez Perez spoke for all his fellow coup plotters when told a Venevision reporter, “We had a deadly weapon: the media. And now that I have the opportunity, let me congratulate you.” His congratulations were premature, however, as multitudes of people in the street, with the aid of truly independent, community based media and patriots within the Venezuelan military were able to defeat this coup without firing a shot, returning Pres. Chavez to his rightful office on April 13, 2002.
On the Job at RCTV-Eyewitness, Andres Izarra Speaks
If any doubts remain as to RCTV’s complicity in this coup, the voice of one of its own producers should lay them all to rest. Andres Izarra had worked as the assignment editor in charge of Latin America for CNN before being hired by RCTV as news production manager for Venezuela’s highest ranked newscast, El Observador. Izarra says, quite clearly, “We were told no pro-Chavez material was to be screened”. Later, RCTV officials would maintain that they could not film pro-Bolivarian demonstrations for security reasons. Even if that were true, Izarra notes, footage of these demonstrations was available from sources such as CNN. RCTV also continued broadcasting reports that President Chavez had willfully resigned and left the country, even though Izarra notes that they were receiving news to the contrary, and that Mexico, Argentina, and France had all issued statements condemning the coup and refusing to recognize the new government. Conversely, the United States welcomed this illegal government.
Izarra says the last straw came for him when, “We had a reporter in Miraflores and knew that it had been retaken by the Chavistas.[but] the information blackout stood. That’s when it was enough for me, and I decided to leave”. Asked what he thought the response should be to this level of disinformation, Izarra replied, “I think their licenses should be revoked”. Having had enough of corporate media’s complicity in blocking news reportage, Izarra now serves as head of Telesur, the joint news channel broadcast by the nations of Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, and Cuba.
As Patrick McElwee, of Just Foreign Policy, points out: “It is frankly amazing that this company has been allowed to broadcast for 5 years after the coup, and that the Chavez government waited until its license expired to end its use of the public airwaves.” Despite their participation in the coup, the Chavez administration entered into repeated negotiations with RCTV and its partners, Venevision, Globovision, and Television to make sure that such crass manipulation of the news would not occur again, and about other infractions. RCTV refused to reach any agreements.
Despite the nonrenewal of its broadcasting license, cable and satellite broadcasts will still be available to RCTV; moreover they will continue to broadcast through their two radio stations in Venezuela. The new broadcasting license is being given to a public station, TVes-Venezuela Social Television, which will run shows produced mainly by independent parties. The station will be controlled not by the government, but by a foundation of community members, with one chair reserved for a government representative. TVes also hopes to reach into some of the most remote areas of the nation, not covered before by RCTV.
The coup government and media freedom-an alternative?
There is, indeed, an example that shows a real alternative to how Pres. Chavez and the Bolivarian movement deals with freedom of the media and freedom of speech. The two-day coup government of Pedro Carmona revealed that alternative.
But, first, let’s quickly review the general state of media freedom in Venezuela under the presidency of Hugo Chavez. Shortly after Chavez became president, media law was reformed so that it became legal for anyone who could broadcast to do so. In the United States, many fans of underground and independent radio speak fondly of “pirate” radio-low powered, but illegal stations broadcast from small, “renegade” transmitters. There are no “pirate” radio stations in Venezuela, because such stations are legal. Rather, there is a significant Community Media movement-community based and non-profit media production centers run locally by community volunteers.
Corporate and opposition media also have great freedom in Venezuela. In fact, the radio and television airwaves, and the print media as well, continue to be dominated by corporations which support the opposition. There is no shortage of negative opinions and portrayals of Chavez and the Bolivarian Revolution-in fact, these remain the standard among the for-profit news and entertainment industry. This concept is strange to those of us in the United States, where official party lines and major news sources are virtually indistinguishable from each other.
But while corporate and community media both retain enormous freedoms in Venezuela, the April 11-13th, 2002 coup, and the two day coup government, provide a much different example. Once interloper Pedro Carmona had declared himself President of Venezuela, among the very first actions taken by the coup government involved the suppression of Venezuela’s non-corporate media. Police troops answering to Carmona raided and shut down Channel 8, the government TV station. They ordered the Catholic Church’s Radio Fe y Alegria to play only music and not report national events, lest they also be shut down. Carmona’s raiders also hit a number of Community Media centers, closing down, among others, TV Caricua, Catia TV, and Radio Perola. Fortunately, reporters from Catia TV and Radio Perola were able to escape and recapture their transmitters. Because of this, they were able to provide mobile broadcasts to the people of Venezuela of the news that RCTV and its partners were blacking out.
Another action taken by the Carmona government was to release the persons who had been arrested in connection with the sniper attacks that instigated the coup. Instead, coup forces arrested independent journalist Nicolas Rivera and accused him of participating in these attacks. The only weapon Rivera had had with him during these demonstrations was a tape recorder-obviously considered a threat by coup plotters. Rivera was freed after the two-day coup was defeated and democratic government was reestablished. However, the scars of his detention remained, with his face disfigured by the torture he had endured while incarcerated. Rivera’s wife said that the forces that raided their home planted a sack of bullets on Rivera, beat both of them, and threatened to kill their children. Yet despite these attacks and threats to this journalist and his family, not one, single international organization in “defense” of press freedoms spoke out on behalf of Rivera. Perhaps it was in this case that Reporters Without Borders found its border.
Also silent about these attacks on freedom of speech and press were both houses of the US Congress, both parties, the Bush administration..no, there was no resolution of any kind condemning the attacks by the coup government on these freedoms. Could that be because coup leaders were funded by Congress, via USAID and the so-called National Endowment for Democracy, and were aided, abetted, and advised by the Bush Administration, the State Department, and the US military? Just maybe these factors were an influence.
Again: the Facts
While Representatives and Senators weep bipartisan crocodile tears about supposed threats to media rights in Venezuela; while US and Venezuelan corporate press crow about the “unfair” targeting of RCTV; while even some segments of the US Left express “concern” about press freedoms in Venezuela; an examination of the facts leads one to this clear conclusion: these folks are full of a substance that emanates from the hind end of a male bovine.
Fact: not renewing the broadcasting license of coup plotters, lawbreakers, and liars like RCTV is the kind of thing it takes to defend Venezuela and make it the haven of free speech, free media, and participatory democracy that it is today.
Want to learn more about the movement to change US policy toward Venezuela?
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The “Facts” are the Chavez is an extreme leftist dictator who wants to suppress free speech in his country…and no amount of idiotic and fabricated excuses, such as those presented by this article justify his actions. Has everyone conveniently forgotten that this individual that now accuses others of “plotting coups” was himself an unsuccessful “golpista”? Chavez should be rotting in jail, not closing down TV stations!
After RCTV, Chavez has now threatened other media outlets, including the news channel Globovision and various radio stations. Chavez will not stop until he has created a communist dictatorship like the one in Cuba. So I guess if you love Fidel and Cuba’s present social, political, and economic systems - then you just gotta love Chavez!
This is how the Venezuelan government, and the people that support it, lead their “Bolivarian Revolution” and attack students, that exercise their right to protest.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZ8GtK1yFxg&NR=1
Chavez himself was responsible coup long before this. He was arrested but released after serving 2 years. In the US, such crime would never permit him to run for president and he would likely still be in jail, if not facing afiring squad for treason!
S.O.S from VENEZUELA
“When RCTV’s broadcasting license came up for review, Pres. Chavez decided, after exhaustive research and study, not to renew the license.” Oh come on. Now you’re just making it up. ‘Exhaustive’ research and study my hairy arse. You guys are living in a fantasy land. Atravete!
A few more facts:
FACT: Andres Izarra is the son of William Izarra, a coupster who accompanied Chavez in his coup attempt in 1992 and has been working for the Chavez government at least since 2003. At the time the film came out he was working in the Venezuelan Embassy in Washington, became later Minister of Information, and later headed TeleSur, the news TV station owned by the government.
FACT: The video showing that the shooters were aiming the police (or an empty street!!) was actually taken a few hours before (about noon) the one showed on TV (about 4PM), as Wolfgang Schalk demonstrated in his analysis of that propaganda and extremely dishonest film.
FACT: Gen. Lucas Rincon announced on April 11 that Chavez had resigned on national TV and radio. He was later to become Chavez’s minister of Defence and currently Ambassadro in Portugal. This FACT, by the way does not appear in the film.
FACT: An estimated 90,000 people have lost their lives due to street crime in Venezuela. An estimate because the Chavez government stopped giving statistics to the press. The last year when they gave numbers was in 2003, when 13,000 were murdered, up from 3,000 in 1997.
FACT: During the events of April 2002, Chavez ordered all TV and radio stations to broadcast him talking while the shootings were taking on the streets. The TV stations decided then to split the screen to allow the Venezuelan people what was happening. By the way, you would not know this if you saw that propaganda and extremely dishonest film.
Want more?
A few facts:
1. The April 2002 “coup” was the result of militray officers refusing Chavez´s orders to fire on peaceful protesters. They demanded his resignation and he accepted. That the aftermath was bungled by some sectors of the opposition, allowing for Chavez´s return to power, does not change the initial circumstances.
2. Of the five television networks cited as supporting the “coup”, only two (RCTV and Globovision)have maintained an anti-Chavez stance. They are the ones now being targeted . The other three have executed a dramatic shift in editorial slant, becoming as pro-government as the state media outlets.
3. This anti-Chavez stance has been characterized by the sort of reporting on the country´s economic, social and political ills that any professional, responsible and ethical journalist would undertake. Informing the public about rampant crime, inflation, food shortages, official corruption, flagrant violations of the rule of law and the constitution and government associations with rogue states (Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Zimbabwe)have all been curtailed by RCTV´s closure, as they are ignored or mega-spun by state and state-friendly media.
4. The assertion that RCTV´s closure has anything to do with broadcasting cigarette advertisement and pornography is blatantly untrue.
5. Chavez is now targetting the only remaining network (Globovions)that is critical of his regime. He has also threatened radio and print media. How can a country be considered democratic if the only reporting allowed must be government-friendly?
6. Government allegations that RCTV promotes a coup-plotting oligarchy are belied by the following:
a. Chavez himself carried out a failed coup against a democratically-elected government in 1992, driving tanks into the presidential palace in an attempt to institute military rule. Contrast this to the military´s refusal to attack peaceful demonstrators in 2002.
b. 40% of Venezuelans voted against Chavez in the December 2006 elections. That´s some oligarchy.
c. Speaking of the oligarchs, it is widely accepted that Chavez receives support from some of the very oligarchs he lambasts (please look up the Cisneros family for details; they own Venevision, one of the “coup-plotting” TV stations that has been spared RCTV´s fate by becoming a government-friendly media puppet).
d. Anyone with any current business experience in Venezuela can also attest to the rise of the new Chavista social class: nouveau riche cronies swilling Chivas Regal, driving luxury cars and Hummers and flaunting millions in cash in the name of the revolution who will openly applaud the government for allowing them to “make it big”.
7. While protests take place in Venezuela after RCTV´s closure, its government-funded replacement (TVES)is using RCTV´s illegally-expropriated equipment to broadcast children´s puppet shows and dubbed American b-movies.
8. Recent polls undertaken by the same organizations that predicted Chavez would win the 2006 elections report that 80% of Venezuelans are against RCTV´s closure. Man, that oligarchy just doubled in size.
Its OK to be anti-Bush and pro-left. Its OK to champion the poor and fight against the powers-that-be. But its entirely wrongheaded, irresponsible and dangerous to transpose these ideas onto another country´s precarious situation without having the facts straight.
Censership for the leftest … good
cenership on the right …. bad
Go home jorden it’s what you want
Mr. MEDIA CHANNEL….
I WONDER IF YOU HAVE ANY RESPONSE TO THESE COMMENTS!!!
I am severly dissappointed in this article. Unfortunately, president Chavez has been able to propagate pro-Chavez propaganda to the international media very successfully, and as a consequence has blinded or confused many international views that the world has of Venezuela and the current political situation. I am myself a Venezuelan, and have been in these marches and protests, and have witnessed the cruelty and blatant disregard to human rights and human life that the current Venezuelan Government has shown for the last 8 years.
What is going on in Venezuela is wrong, and if this was a true democracy, then why is the national guard and the metropolitan police shooting against highschool students, college students, civilian buildings and homes because the citizes want to exercise their right to protest? Yes, they are protesting against the closing of the nations 1st Tv channel for political and personal reasons. Not only that, but the president has publicly threatened the people, and has warned the people that they should stop these peaceful protests done by the citizens of this country.
Democracy was built to defend the desires of the people, and the people do not agree with the closing of this TV channel.
Another fact, the supreme court has tried to force the TV channel to deliver private property (equipment needed to run a TV channel) to the government to be used by the new TC Channel to take its place. I see that as a violation of private property, and an insult to the concept of freedom and democracy.
”Chavez loves the poor people so much he’s created millions of new ones.”
The fact of the matter is that students took to the streets showing courage against the hordes of para-military troops shooting plastic bullets against the massive crowds. Despite the criminal lackeys assaulting innocent and peaceful people in protest against maffioso dictator Castro “wannabe” Hugo Chavez Frias, the people of Venezuela are defending liberty.
Dictator Chavez is moving Venezuela from Democracy unto an authoritarian regime
“Chavez knows that he cannot establish the dictatorship that he wants to establish in Venezuela without control over the media. A free press is the essential element of a free society.”
http://www.newsmax.com/
Here is another fact hard to ignore:
“Venezuela a solid claim to the dubious title of the world’s capital of violent crime. According to U.N. figures, the rates of gun-related violence are higher here than anywhere else on earth.”
Under the Hugo’ regime we have more people dead by crime than the bloody war in Iraq
“Venezuela, a country of 26 million, has recorded an average of nearly 10,000 homicides a year since Chavez took office. The homicide rate, 37 deaths per 100,000 people, is more than double what it was in the 1990s.”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901803.html
Chavez is a violent thug adored by our Hollywood elite.
This shows his true, hideous nature.
The US should stand in solidarity with the protestors.
Danny–
Thank you for shining a light through the US media propaganda that has evidently fogged the minds of the others responding to this blog thus far.
My thoughts:
Why can’t the United States mind its own business? Our so-called “Press” ignores the problems at home and tries to make us feel better by dramatizing and exaggerating the threats imposed from without–Iraq, Iran, North Korea, now Venezuela.
At the least, those who responded so passionately to your well-written and documented piece ought to be willing to admit that there just may be another side to the story. And that we ought to allow the people of Venezuela to make up their own minds about the facts in their country.
Also, you provided documentation for your assertions. The other respondents have not. Apparently, they are happy to live with US propaganda. It also helps me understand who the people are who are willing to vote for and support a President who also makes assertions without providing evidence–and worse.
Please keep up the good work. We need a counter to US news propaganda and you are one of the (sadly) very few providing it.
It’s amazing! The rich, well educated Venezuelans express themselves quite clear. That’s not what I hear from the PEOPLE, the real peasants, workers, farmers around the country.
Let’s put it this way: (let me be childish this time) the struggle in my country, nowadays, is between the good people against the bad and greedy people.
Thanks Media Channel for being a light in this international media “falseout”
I understand your criticism towards the US media. However, what goes on in Venezuela at the moment is not democracy. Chavez plays martyr very well and people like the ones who write this article should take a closer look. Try and live in Venezuela for a while and then write about it, maybe try living in Cuba and then write about it. This so called facts are a propaganda to promote erratic behavior. Chavez a previous coup attempter should not have a say in the matter.
Dear Gaby,
Response here:
http://narcosphere.narconews.com/story/2007/5/27/162742/757
. . . and by the way, since I too live in a “developing country,” what percentage of Venezuelan citizens, who are not from the tiny rich elite who benefit from anti-Chavez activity, have excellent English? Similar “commentary,” written in perfect or nearly perfect idiomatic English, about political events in a country where only a tiny percentage of the richest elite would have a chance to learn English to that degree, showed up on blogs and news sites after the recent tainted Mexican election. Where does their interest lie? Whose interests does such “commentary” serve?
Another thing concerning this article. Has this person ever been to Venezuela? and what about being in Caracas at say 11:00 PM. I would love to see how he fairs there, at that time. Also Chavez has been giving a lot of state money to countries like Cuba, and even the US by giving away cheap oil. The problem with that is, that Oil is owned by THE PEOPLE of Venezuela, it should not be given away to anyone for cheaper no matter what that case is. That money needs to be brought back to Venezuela, and stays there…
Pookeye,
Please read above link to Narconews. Gracias.
3-1/2 months before the 2002 coup widely “described” as “spontaneous” in the US corporate media, I read an article predicting it, by one of my most trusted foreign policy analysts, Conn Hallinan. It began:
————————————
Venezuela: The Scent of Another Coup
The San Francisco Examiner December 29, 2001 by Conn Hallinan
There is the smell of a coup in the air these days. It was like this in Iran just before the 1953 U.S.-backed coup overthrew the Mossedeah government and installed the Shah. It has the feel of 1963 in South Vietnam, before the military takeover switched on the light at the end of the long and terrible Southeast Asian tunnel. It is hauntingly similar to early September 1973, before the coup in Chile ushered in 20 years of blood and darkness.
Early last month, the National Security Agency, the Pentagon and the U.S. State Department held a two-day meeting on U.S. policy toward Venezuela. Similar such meetings took place in 1953, 1963, and 1973, as well as before coups in Guatemala, Brazil and Argentina. It should send a deep chill down the backs of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and the populist coalition that took power in 1998.
The catalyst for the Nov. 5-7 interagency get together was a comment by Chavez in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist assault on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. While Chavez sharply condemned the attack, he questioned the value of bombing Afghanistan, calling it “fighting terrorism with terrorism.” In response, the Bush Administration temporarily withdrew its Ambassador and convened the meeting.
The outcome was a requirement that Venezuela “unequivocally” condemn terrorism, including repudiating anything and anyone the Bush Administration defines as “terrorist.” Since this includes both Cuba (which Venezuela has extensive trade relations with) and rebel groups in neighboring Colombia (which Chavez is sympathetic to), the demand was the equivalent of throwing down the gauntlet.
The spark for the statement might have been Sept. 11, but the dark clouds gathering over Venezuela have much more to do with enduring matters–like oil, land and power–than current issues like terrorism. The Chavez government is presently trying to change the 60-year old agreement with foreign oil companies that charges them as little as 1 percent in royalties, plus hands out huge tax breaks. There is a lot at stake here. Venezuela has 77 billion barrels of proven reserves, and is US’s third biggest source of oil. It is also a major cash cow for the likes of Phillips Petroleum and ExxonMobil. If the new law goes through, U.S. and French oil companies will have to pony up a bigger slice of their take.
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I’d prefer reading in my native language, because my knowledge of your languange is no so well.
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